上市公司数据资产入表分析——以A股上市公司年报为例
网络安全与数据治理
彭琳
上海国家会计学院
摘要: 以2024年A股上市公司年报为研究样本,首先从三个维度构建现状分析框架:一是入表规模分析,揭示入表公司的数量特征与金额总量;二是会计处理与表外披露分析,深入剖析数据资产从初始确认到后续计量再到披露的全流程;三是行业分布特征分析,识别哪些行业率先响应并已成为实践主力,哪些行业进度较慢。在此基础上,进一步深入探究企业入表行为差异背后的原因,为理解数据资产入表实践提供全面的分析框架,以辩证地看待数据资产入表这一新生事物在初级阶段的复杂性。
中圖分類號:F275;F230文獻標識碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.10.002
引用格式:彭琳. 上市公司數據資產入表分析——以A股上市公司年報為例[J].網絡安全與數據治理,2025,44(10):10-15,29.
引用格式:彭琳. 上市公司數據資產入表分析——以A股上市公司年報為例[J].網絡安全與數據治理,2025,44(10):10-15,29.
Analysis of data asset recognition in financial statements of listed companies:evidence from annual reports of A-share companies
Peng Lin
Shanghai National Accounting Institute
Abstract: This study utilizes the 2024 annual reports of Ashare listed companies as its sample and constructs a threedimensional framework for analyzing the current situation. First, it examines the scale of recognition, revealing the quantitative characteristics and total monetary value of companies that have incorporated data assets into their financial statements. Second, it delves into accounting treatment and off-balance-sheet disclosure, providing an in-depth analysis of the entire process of data assets from initial recognition to subsequent measurement and disclosure. Third, it investigates the industry distribution characteristics, identifying which industries have taken the lead in adoption and become mainstream practitioners, and which ones have progressed more slowly. Based on this framework, the study further explores the reasons behind the differences in corporate behavior regarding data asset recognition, offering a comprehensive analytical perspective for understanding the practice. This approach allows for a dialectical view of the complexities inherent in this nascent phenomenon during its initial stages of development.
Key words : data assets; current status of recognition in financial statements; data resources
引言
隨著數字經濟成為核心經濟形態,數據要素的資產化與資本化成為關鍵議題。2023年8月,財政部印發《企業數據資源相關會計處理暫行規定》(以下簡稱《暫行規定》),正式推動數據資源作為資產入表,標志著數據要素市場化邁入制度化階段。2024年上市公司年報作為《暫行規定》實施后的首份披露文件,為觀察數據資產入表的初始實踐提供了重要窗口。
基于此,本文對A股上市公司數據資產入表的現狀進行系統分析,現狀分析表明:其一,在入表規模上,實踐公司數量與入表總金額均處于初步探索階段。其二,在會計處理與表外披露上,數據資產主要確認為“無形資產”與“開發支出”,攤銷方法以直線法為主,年限集中在3~5年。僅有11家公司披露數據資源重要性標準,關鍵審計事項涉及數據資產的僅1家,披露具體成本構成有4家。其三,在行業分布上,數據資產入表企業密集分布于計算機、通信和生物醫藥等行業。在此基礎上,本文將進一步探究企業入表行為差異背后的核心原因。
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http://www.tom3567.com/resource/share/2000006820
作者信息:
彭琳
(上海國家會計學院,上海201702)

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