中圖分類號：TN929.5 文獻標志碼：A DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.234665 中文引用格式： 郗天玥，蔡愛華，翁麗娜. 空基網絡中定向自組網關鍵技術研究綜述[J]. 電子技術應用，2024，50(4)：1-10. 英文引用格式： Xi Tianyue，Cai Aihua，Weng Lina. Research on key technology of directional ad hoc networks in airborne networks[J]. Application of Electronic Technique，2024，50(4)：1-10.
Research on key technology of directional ad hoc networks in airborne networks
Xi Tianyue，Cai Aihua，Weng Lina
China Academy of Electronic and Information Technology
Abstract： Mobile ad hoc networks based on directional antennas are widely used in the military field, especially for airborne networks with the requirements of easy implementation, high concealment and high confidentiality. Directional antennas have more advantages than omni-directional antennas, which have longer transmission ranges, reduce mutual interference among nodes, and are able to achieve the improvement of spatial multiplexing capability. But the introduction of directional antennas can create problems while increasing the communication distance, causing disruptive side effects to many protocol layers. Currently, researchers at home and abroad have proposed a variety of algorithms to solve these problems. Combined with the complexity of airborne networks, it studies various algorithms and protocols proposed at home and abroad for the data link layer and network layer of mobile ad hoc networks based on directional antennas. It summarizes and compares three key technologies in recent years, namely, directional neighbor discovery algorithm, medium access control protocol and directional routing protocol. Techniques and protocols that are more suitable for use in airborne networks are proposed. Finally, it provides some directions for further research.
Key words : directional ad-hoc network；neighbor discovery algorithms；medium access control protocol；routing protocol
0 引言
隨著計算機網絡技術的發展和對通信要求的提高，產生了一種具有無固定中心基站的網絡——移動自組織網絡( Mobile Ad hoc Network，MANET) 。它不依賴于固定設施，能夠快速展開，具有極強的適應和生存能力，網絡中的每一個節點地位平等，可以在網內自由移動并保持通信，而且其中任何一個節點的損壞都不會使整個網絡癱瘓。由于上述特點，在數字化戰場通信中，MANET已經成為首選技術，而在當下現代信息化戰爭中，依靠強大的空中力量才能全面掌握戰場信息控制權，所以構建一個易實施、保密性高的空基網絡化信息系統尤為重要[1]。但是空基網絡存在平臺升空高、移動節點具有高速移動的特點、對隱蔽性要求高的問題，傳統利用全向天線的MANET網絡已經不能滿足空基網絡更高的通信需求。在收發天線的選擇上，隱蔽性和抗干擾性強、輻射功率的有效利用率高的定向天線將比傳統采用的全向天線更為合適。
