法律经济学视阈下“大数据杀熟”的监管困境及纾解
网络安全与数据治理 7期
雷洁
（华东政法大学刑事法学院，上海200042）
摘要： “大数据杀熟”作为数字经济与人工智能算法发展的负外部性产物，一直存在理论与实践上的争议。在理论层面，学界对“大数据杀熟”的认知与定性观点不一，存在差别定价、价格欺诈、价格歧视多种讨论。在实践层面，“大数据杀熟”是一个综合性问题，在侵犯消费者权益的同时还涉及反垄断、信息安全等多个维度，现行法律规范与监管模式对该行为的回应尚有不足。本文通过法律经济学的分析方法，对“大数据杀熟”进行法理基础的解构，明确“大数据杀熟”的价格歧视本质，着重分析消费者权益减损、市场失灵等法律监管困境，在此基础上得出逆向选择进行反歧视、制度创新完善监管体系，正本清源强化算法权力治理等纾解建议，以期实现提高经济效率与维护消费者权益两大目标的衡平。
中圖分類號：D922.29
文獻標識碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.07.002
引用格式：雷潔.法律經濟學視閾下“大數據殺熟”的監管困境及紓解［J］.網絡安全與數據治理，2023，42（7）：5-11.
文獻標識碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.07.002
引用格式：雷潔.法律經濟學視閾下“大數據殺熟”的監管困境及紓解［J］.網絡安全與數據治理，2023，42（7）：5-11.
The regulatory dilemma and relief of Big Data Price Discrimination in the perspective of law and economics
Lei Jie
(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China )
Abstract： As a negative externality product of digital economy and artificial intelligence algorithm development, "Big Data Price Discrimination" has always been controversial in theory and practice. At the theoretical level, there are many doctrinal disputes on the cognition and characterization of "Big Data Price Discrimination", existing various discussions on differential pricing, price fraud and price discrimination. At the practical level, "Big Data Price Discrimination" is a comprehensive problem, which not only infringes on consumer rights but also involves antimonopoly, information security and other dimensions. The current legal norms and regulatory model still have insufficient responses to this behavior. Through the analysis method of law and economics, this paper deconstructs the legal basis of "Big Data Price Discrimination" and makes clear the essence of price discrimination of "Big Data Price Discrimination", especially focusing on the analysis of legal regulatory dilemmas such as the loss of consumer rights and market failure. On this basis, suggestions such as antidiscrimination by adverse selection,perfecting supervision system by institutional innovation and strengthening power governance by algorithm are put forward to improve the regulatory approach, expecting to achieve the balance between economic efficiency and consumer protection.
Key words : artificial intelligence; Ecommerce platform; market failure theory; consumer protection
0 引言
人工智能算法的發展與數據信息的規模式增長，在給消費者帶來更方便快捷生活體驗的同時，也逐漸顛覆著傳統的社會認知與商業邏輯。電商平臺通過算法技術對大數據作精準分析，窺知消費者的購買能力與支付意愿后，實施個性化定價已經成為較為普遍的現實，“大數據殺熟”問題也應運而生。法律監管無法有效界定及規制電商平臺的逾矩行為，消費者合法權益正面臨重重挑戰。在《關于平臺經濟領域的反壟斷指南》《禁止濫用市場支配地位行為暫行規定》《互聯網信息服務算法推薦管理規定》等一系列部門規章頒布前，“大數據殺熟”無論在法律定性抑或表現形式上都未能真正達成統一，反而在探討中衍生出諸多爭議，從法律經濟學視閾下對“大數據殺熟”概念的厘清尤有必要。
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作者信息：
雷潔
（華東政法大學刑事法學院，上海200042）
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